Recently, the disease control departments in many places in China issued an urgent reminder that the acute infectious diarrhea caused by norovirus has entered the peak period, and the majority of parents should pay more attention. What is Norovirus? What are the symptoms of Norovirus infection? How to prevent and treat it? Xi'an Children's Hospital doctor made a reminder.
What is Norovirus?
Norovirus, also known as Norwalk virus, is the main causative agent of sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. In countries where rotavirus vaccines are widely used, norovirus infection even exceeds rotavirus infection and becomes the primary culprit of acute gastroenteritis in children.
What are the characteristics of Norovirus?
Strong environmental viability. Norovirus is still active when heated at 60 ℃ for 30 minutes, and can survive for several years at low temperature. Therefore, it is distributed throughout the year without obvious seasonality, and the outbreak is easy to occur in winter and winter and spring (between November and February of the next year). The route of transmission is wide. Norovirus can be transmitted through contact with patients or contaminated surfaces, through vomitus and excreta of patients, and through contaminated food and water.
Strong infectivity, Norovirus people are generally susceptible to Norovirus, which is common in restaurants, schools and other places where people gather. A patient infected with Norovirus can release hundreds of millions of virus particles through vomit or excreta, and 10-100 virus particles can make another person infected; With strong variability, Norovirus mutates rapidly, and new mutants can appear every 2-3 years. The antibody produced after infection with one of the Norovirus strains can only last for 6-24 months, and there is no cross-immunity between the various strains.
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What are the symptoms of Norovirus infection?
The incubation period of norovirus is relatively short, which usually occurs within 12-48 hours after infection. The most common symptoms are diarrhea and vomiting, followed by nausea, abdominal pain, headache, fever, chills and muscle soreness; The majority of children vomit, while the majority of adults suffer from diarrhea, which can occur 4-10 times within 24 hours. The stool is mostly watery, without mucus, pus and blood. The average duration of symptoms is 2-3 days.
How to treat Norovirus infection?
Norovirus infection is generally treated with symptomatic support. First, pay attention to the patient's food hygiene, light and digestible diet, and drink more water; Secondly, probiotics can be properly supplemented. In case of severe diarrhea and vomiting, fluid should be replenished in time, antiemetic drugs should be properly applied, and water, electrolyte, acid-base imbalance, etc. should be corrected. At the same time, if there is an infected patient in the home, it is necessary to clean up the feces and vomitus in time and disinfect them.
For young children with diarrhea and vomiting, parents should be alert to dehydration. If the child has symptoms such as poor spirit, decreased urine volume, dry lips, it is dehydration, and fluid replacement is required; Once there is no tears, sunken eye socket, no urine and other symptoms when crying, you need to see a doctor immediately.
How to prevent Norovirus infection?
Doctors suggested that frequent hand washing is the most important and effective measure to prevent norovirus infection and control its spread; Pay attention to food hygiene, clean the fruits and vegetables before eating them raw, and do not share tableware; Pay attention to disinfection, maintain indoor air circulation, and disinfect the surface regularly.
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